Abstract
A typical application scenario of remote wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is identified as an emergency scenario. One of the greatest design challenges for communications in emergency scenarios is energy-efficient transmission, due to scarce electrical energy in large-scale natural and man-made disasters. Integrated high altitude platform (HAP)/satellite networks are expected to optimally meet emergency communication requirements. In this paper, a novel integrated HAP/satellite (IHS) architecture is proposed, and three segments of the architecture are investigated in detail. The concept of link-state advertisement (LSA) is designed in a slow flat Rician fading channel. The LSA is received and processed by the terminal to estimate the link state information, which can significantly reduce the energy consumption at the terminal end. Furthermore, the transmission power requirements of the HAPs and terminals are derived using the gradient descent and differential equation methods. The energy consumption is modeled at both the source and system level. An innovative and adaptive algorithm is given for the energy-efficient path selection. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive algorithm. It is shown that the proposed adaptive algorithm can significantly improve energy efficiency when combined with the LSA and the energy consumption estimation.
Highlights
Emergency scenarios can benefit from the deployment of a remote wireless sensor network (WSN)in the target area for a two-fold task: (1) gathering important information from the field; and (2) supporting audio, video and data communication when other terrestrial systems are not available.sensor devices are frequently complemented by additional multimedia traffic sources [1].Emergency communications can provide information transfer services for rescuers and victims in disasters using various sensor devices through a remote wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [2]
A radio resource management (RRM) technique was proposed for implementation in a multi-hop scenario where mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) cooperated with an high altitude platform (HAP) system towards a common goal of enhancing the access to MBMS services
It is assumed that broadcast packets are used and that all of the NH link-state advertisement (LSA) of the HAPs and the one GEO satellite are received by the terminal in the network
Summary
Emergency scenarios can benefit from the deployment of a remote wireless sensor network (WSN). Emergency communications can provide information transfer services for rescuers and victims in disasters using various sensor devices through a remote WSN [2]. Integrated HAP/satellite (IHS) networks are expected to optimally meet the emergency communication requirements of emergency relief and recovery operations for tackling large-scale natural and man-made disasters [5]. The IHS network infrastructure can provide services for a wide range of distributed sensor devices with adapted and scalable access network capacity and coverage, owing to the low delay and high capacity HAP links [7], while reliable backhauling links to remote networks are supplied by the satellite segment [8]
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