Abstract
A wireless sensor network is preferable to a wired one for a smart building monitoring system since it is less expensive. The building monitoring system employs a hybrid protocol based on the LEACH concept for extending the life of sensor networks and the HRP protocol for efficient data collecting and connection with the base station. The building's infrastructure can support a huge number of sensors organised into multiple clusters. During the first stage, while the other sensors are dormant, the cluster head sensor activates a subset of member sensors to collect data. This extends the lifespan of the sensor network. Several more sensors are engaged to collect additional data for the Cluster Head in the event of an anomaly. Neural networks feature the right separation of information from cluster member nodes and communication between them. in order to monitor energy levels and isolate data from cluster member Node <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sup> in order to lessen the workload on the cluster head node. MODIFIED CUCKOO ALGORITHM selects the shortest and most advantageous path between two end nodes. The IMODIFIED CUCKOO ALGORITHM algorithm examines the node information each time data is delivered in order to eliminate data loss entirely. Consequently, data loss and energy waste reduce the network's lifespan. The path, intermediary nodes, and data's information must all be selected before to data transfer. Using the MODIFIED CUCKOO ALGORITHM method, the shortest path between the source and target nodes is determined. A network simulation is conducted using the MATLAB software to develop the MODIFIED CUCKOO ALGORITHM algorithm. Validation and evaluation are performed on the simulation's outcomes. A hybrid protocol is developed to extend the lifespan of the Building Monitoring System and assure effective transmission. Sensory data transmitted to the Wireless Sensor Network Sink Node
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