Energy-Efficient Lane Change Trajectory Planning for Highway Traffic Scenarios Considering Different Driving Needs

Abstract

This paper proposes an energy-saving lane-changing trajectory model for intelligent electric vehicles at high speeds that considers different driving needs under multiple constraints to address the issues of simple lane-changing considerations and poor safety. An economic index is added to construct a multi-objective optimization function based on the comfort, safety, and efficiency of lane changing. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimal lane-changing time. The weight of the index is obtained by analyzing different driving needs using the Analytic Hierarchy Process in different scenarios. The multi-objective function is adjusted to plan the optimal lane-changing trajectory that meets driving needs. The simulation shows that the proposed model can generate smooth and feasible lane-changing trajectories that meet different driving needs. The energy consumption analysis results indicate that the construction of economic indicators can effectively reduce the energy consumption of vehicles driving on highways. The tracking analysis results indicate that the target vehicle can smoothly and safely change lanes on the planned trajectory, verifying the effectiveness and rationality of the planned trajectory.