Abstract
Energy-efficient design has emerged as a promising technique in heterogeneous networks. We study the energy efficiency problem of joint user association and power allocation in a two-tier heterogeneous network with small cells. The energy efficiency is maximized under certain prescribed quality-of-service requirement and maximum power limit constraint. The original optimization problem is a nonconvex integer programming and is NP-hard. A continuous and convex relaxation method is employed to solve this problem. Then, an iterative joint user association and power allocation algorithm is proposed to maximize the energy efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has improved energy efficiency when compared with a reference scheme using fixed power allocation.
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