Abstract
Base station (BS) coordination with respect to data and energy cooperation has recently emerged as a potential solution for enhancing the energy efficiency (EE) of multi-cell multi-tier cellular network architecture. This work studies the EE maximization problem in a hybrid-powered (grid and renewable energy source) heterogeneous network (HetNet) where the data and energy are jointly coordinated among the BSs. We propose a combinatorial optimization algorithm to maximize the system EE with the aim to reduce grid power consumption (GPC). Due to the complexity of the formulation, Lagrange dual decomposition and metaheuristic method are incorporated to solve the problem. Furthermore, the non-fractional programming EE problem is solved using the Dinkelbach's method which converges faster with a lower complexity. Simulation results show that cooperation among the BSs to share the channel information and energy reduces the GPC by nearly 20% and increases EE around 10% during harvested energy scarcity among the BSs.
Highlights
Tremendous growth in user equipment (UE) for cellular networks has caused a heavy and congested network traffic which subsequently affects data rate of the users
RESULTS & DISCUSSION The optimization technique is applied on three types of systems namely non-coordinated multipoint (Non-CoMP), coordinated multipoint with only power allocation technique (CoMP-PA) and with both power allocation and energy cooperation techniques (CoMP-PAEC)
For a Non-CoMP system, each user is served by the respective Base station (BS) whereas for a CoMP system, the macrocell users are served only by the macro base station (MBS) and small cell users are served by both MBS and their respective small cell base stations (SBSs)
Summary
Tremendous growth in user equipment (UE) for cellular networks has caused a heavy and congested network traffic which subsequently affects data rate of the users. With appropriate coordination among the base stations, both types of interference can be eliminated. One such efficient technique is called coordinated multi-point joint-processing (CoMP-JP) [2] where base stations coordinate with each other to transmit data to the users. As a measure to reduce the grid power consumption (GPC) which causes higher carbon footprint, renewable energy (RE) sources are considered as an alternative to power the cellular networks. Since grid power is a precious resource while the RE is a scarce resource, an efficient energy cooperation framework is required to manage the sharing of harvested energy among base stations from different network tiers in order to reduce the GPC.
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