Abstract
We address the symbol-level precoding design problem for the downlink of a multiuser millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless system where the transmitter is equipped with a large-scale antenna array. The high cost and power consumption associated with the massive use of radio frequency (RF) chains prohibit fully-digital implementation of the precoder, and therefore, we consider a hybrid analog-digital architecture where a small-sized baseband precoder is followed by two successive networks of analog on-off switches and variable phase shifters according to a fully-connected structure. We jointly optimize the digital baseband precoder and the states of the switching network on a symbol-level basis, i.e., by exploiting both the channel state information (CSI) and the instantaneous data symbols, whereas the phase-shifting network is designed only based on the CSI due to practical considerations. Our approach to this joint optimization is to minimize the Euclidean distance between the optimal fully-digital and the hybrid symbol-level precoders. Remarkably, the use of a switching network allows for power-savings in the analog precoder by switching some of the phase shifters off according to the instantaneously optimized states of the switches. Our numerical results indicate that, on average, up to 50 percent of the phase shifters can be switched off. We provide an analysis of energy efficiency by adopting appropriate power dissipation models for the analog precoder, where it is shown that the energy efficiency of precoding can substantially be improved thanks to the phase shifter selection approach, compared to the fully-digital and the state-of-the-art hybrid symbol-level schemes.
Highlights
M ILLIMETER wave communication has been widely accepted as a prime technology for Manuscript received June 15, 2020; revised November 8, 2020 and January 6, 2021; accepted February 4, 2021
We consider the hybrid analog-digital precoding architecture depicted in Fig. 1 for a downlink millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, performing an uncoded transmission with QPSK signaling and a carrier frequency of 60 GHz over a bandwidth of 1 GHz
We formulated our design problem to minimize the Euclidean distance between the hybrid symbol-level precoder and its optimal fully-digital counterpart, where a power-constrained max-min signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) design criterion subject to constructive interference constraints was adopted
Summary
M ILLIMETER wave (mmWave) communication has been widely accepted as a prime technology for Manuscript received June 15, 2020; revised November 8, 2020 and January 6, 2021; accepted February 4, 2021. Date of publication February 12, 2021; date of current version May 18, 2021. This article was presented in part at the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Taipei, Taiwan, 2020. The associate editor coordinating the review of this article and approving it for publication was S.
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