Abstract
A building envelope plays a key role in controlling the internal environmental conditions. The evaluation of façade designs for naturally ventilated residential buildings in the temperate and humid climate of Iran was carried out to optimize façade design for energy saving. Firstly, the common types of building materials were identified through a field study. In the next step, a computer simulation was conducted to investigate the impact of façade design parameters, including U- values, window to wall ratio (WWR), the open able part of the window, and the length of shading devices on buildings energy consumption. The simulation results indicate that the building envelopes constructed with Lightweight Steel Framed (LSF), 3D Panels, and Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks are more effective than the other investigated materials, for reducing heating and cooling loads of the building. Using these materials can reduce the energy consumption for heating and cooling by 45%. Large and unprotected windows increase the building energy demands and require additional control devices. Therefore, 25%WWR, with 300mm horizontal shading devices in four steps, light opaque internal curtains, and windows with low emission glass parts that are closed during noon and afternoon hot hours were suggested and analyzed for the studied climate.
Highlights
Consumption of energy in the building sector in Iran is higher than the world average
Sadafi et al./ Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment 12(3): 255-263, 2021 findings emphasized the effects of a building envelope configuration such as shading and Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) on annual energy demands
In buildings with external walls made of air brick with polystyrene layer, Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks, and 3D panels, the consumption of heating energy decreases during that period
Summary
Consumption of energy in the building sector in Iran is higher than the world average. The application of materials should consider the fact that location, weather, and user behaviour affect the energy performance of a building as well as the façade properties and design factors (building shape, volume and window configuration). Naiji and Klaus [8] conducted residential building energy simulations studying the effect of thermal mass, total thickness, and weight of the wall surface unit on the maximu m heating and cooling loads of buildings located in Tehran. They showed that thermal mass has higher effects on reducing the heating and cooling loads of the building in hot and dry climates. The findings showed that these facades are more appropriate for cold seasons, and it is essential to consider a combination of natural ventilation and mechanical systems to increase thermal comfort inside the building
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