Abstract
Reducing energy consumption is one of the most important task of the approaching Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Existing communication standards, such as 3G/4G, use complex protocols (active mode, sleep modes) in order to address the waste of energy. These protocols are forced to transmit when one frame is only partially filled with information symbols. The hard task to adapt the power-saving mode with low latency to the discontinuity of the source is mainly due to the fact that the receiver cannot know a priori when the source has something to transmit. In this paper, we propose a modified signalling/constellation which can save energy by mapping a zero-energy symbol in the information source. This paper addresses the fundamentals of this new technique: the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) criterion, the probability of error, the (energy) entropy, the (energy) capacity as well as the energy cost of the proposed technique are derived for the binary signalling case.
Highlights
Internet of things (IoT), mobile computing (MC), pervasive computing (PC), wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and, most recently, cyber-physical systems (CPS) are the promising research areas for the future smart world [1,2]
We provide the baseline of the proposed energy efficient constellation, where a zero-energy symbol is added to the classical binary phase shift keying (BPSK)
Note that the above computation is biased in favor of BPSK since if there are more than one zero energy symbol in a frame, the number of additional symbols is higher
Summary
Internet of things (IoT), mobile computing (MC), pervasive computing (PC), wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and, most recently, cyber-physical systems (CPS) are the promising research areas for the future smart world [1,2]. As technology and solutions progress in each of these fields, connectivity and energy consumption are always two of the most hard tasks to be handled [3,4,5,6,7] Both the 5G and the generation 6G wireless systems aim at dramatically increasing the throughput and latency performances, and require to address low-power low-rates internet of things (IoT) devices with unseen energy efficiency targets. This work proposes a physical layer approach to burst transmissions management, where the signalling overhead is replaced by a contained increment of error ratio. This tradeoff is analysed in the paper, identifying the operational contexts where the proposed solution is convenient
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