Abstract
In the wireless sensor network, the lifetime of the network can be prolonged by improving the efficiency of limited energy. Existing works achieve better energy utilization, either through node scheduling or routing optimization. In this paper, an efficient solution combining node scheduling with routing protocol optimization is proposed in order to improve the network lifetime. Firstly, to avoid the redundant coverage, a node scheduling scheme that is based on a genetic algorithm is proposed to find the minimum number of sensor nodes to monitor all target points. Subsequently, the algorithm prolongs the lifetime of the network through choosing redundant sleep nodes to replace the dead node. Based on the obtained minimum coverage set, a new routing protocol, named Improved-Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (I-DEEC), is proposed. When considering the energy and the distance of the sensor node to the sink, a new policy choosing the cluster head is proposed. To make the energy load more balanced, uneven clusters are constructed. Meanwhile, the data communication way of sensor nodes around the sink is also optimized. The simulation results show that the proposed sensor node scheduling algorithm can reduce the number of redundant sensor nodes, while the I-DEEC routing protocol can improve the energy efficiency of data transmission. The lifetime of the network is greatly extended.
Highlights
The wireless sensor network (WSN) that is composed by many sensor nodes is applied to many fields, such as environmental monitoring, military reconnaissance, and so on [1,2]
Aiming at the multi-objective scheduling problem composed of three conflicting objectives: the largest network coverage, the least number of active nodes and awakening the sensor nodes with more residual energy, an Minimum Coverage Control Algorithm (MCCA) based on genetic algorithm is proposed to dynamically find the minimizing sensor set
The time complexity of the MCCA is bounded in O( N · M + K · ρ · N ), where N is the number of sensor nodes, M is the number of the monitored target points (MTPs), ρ is the number of chromosomes, and K is the size of the population
Summary
The wireless sensor network (WSN) that is composed by many sensor nodes is applied to many fields, such as environmental monitoring, military reconnaissance, and so on [1,2]. The scheme combining the sensor nodes scheduling with the routing protocol designing can further improve the energy efficiency and network lifetime. The scheme considering the scheduling of sensor nodes and optimization of the routing protocol jointly are proposed in order to improve the lifetime of the network. Aiming at the multi-objective scheduling problem composed of three conflicting objectives: the largest network coverage, the least number of active nodes and awakening the sensor nodes with more residual energy, an Minimum Coverage Control Algorithm (MCCA) based on genetic algorithm is proposed to dynamically find the minimizing sensor set. Considering the distance from sensor nodes to the sink and the energy distribution of the network, the I-DEEC routing protocol is designed to improve the clustering policy, optimize routing selection, and data transmission way.
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