Abstract
We propose an energy aware on-demand routing protocol for CDMA mobile ad hoc networks, for which improvements in the energy consumption are realized by both introducing an energy-based routing measure and by enhancing the physical layer performance using beamforming. Exploiting the cross-layer interactions between the network and the physical layer leads to a significant improvement in the energy efficiency compared with the traditional AODV protocol, and provides an alternative solution of link breakage detection in traditional AODV protocol. Several performance measures are considered for evaluating the network performance, such as data energy consumption, latency, and overhead energy consumption. An optimum SIR threshold range is determined experimentally for various implementation scenarios.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONEvery node must participate as a host, and as a router forwarding packets to their destinations
In ad hoc networks, every node must participate as a host, and as a router forwarding packets to their destinations
To simulate the performance of our proposed routing algorithm, we have built a simulation environment based on an Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol (AODV) simulator developed for OMNET++ [17]
Summary
Every node must participate as a host, and as a router forwarding packets to their destinations. The improvements in the energy consumption are obtained by both introducing an energy-based routing metric and by enhancing the physical layer performance using directional antennas. Next-hop information for a traffic flow obtained from routing scheme in network layer determines the intended direction of the antenna at the physical layer which ensures an energy efficient data transmission. The link state information detected by the physical layer helps the routing scheme to maintain the local connectivity at the network layer This provides an alternative solution for the link breakage detection compared to the HELLO message broadcasting from traditional AODV protocols. Our simulation results for a CDMA ad hoc network show that an optimal signal-to-interference (SIR) threshold can be determined by combining the requirements for the considered performance metrics, such as energy, end-to-end latency, and overhead energy for maintenance of the routing table.
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