Abstract
Device-to-Device communication (D2D) is a promising technique for improving fifth-generation cellular network (5G) spectrum and energy efficiency. However, limited user power and co-channel interference make designing an energy efficient D2D communication a difficult task. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed to optimize the energy efficiency of D2D communication coexisting with a heterogeneous network (HetNet) in downlink transmission. This optimization problem is mathematically formulated in terms of mode selection, power control, and resources allocation (i.e., NP-hard problem). The optimization fraction problem is simplified based on network load and is solved using different optimization methods. An innovative dynamic mode selection based on Fuzzy clustering is introduced. Proposed scheme performance is evaluated and compared to the standard algorithm. Simulation demonstrated the advantage of the proposed framework in terms of gain performance in both energy efficiency and number of successfully connected D2D users. Moreover, D2D communication improves energy efficiency of the heterogeneous network of Downlink transmission.
Highlights
The number of connected devices is expected to reach 50 billion in 2020, and over the 10 years data traffic will increase 1000 x [1], [2]
Unlike other mode selection approaches that considered only one attribute, this study considers two attributes (RSRPDr, γiRS ) for determining D2D pair mode
A single cell with macro base station (MB) located at the center
Summary
The number of connected devices is expected to reach 50 billion in 2020, and over the 10 years data traffic will increase 1000 x [1], [2]. Researchers introduced a centralized decision-making framework at the macro base station (MB) to maximize overall throughput of HetNet. Mode selection, resource allocation for CM and DM users, and power control for RS mode users were implemented. This work addresses previous research limitations and contributions of this work can be stated as follows: 1) Detailed framework proposing and developing novel schemes that are used individually or combined to determine D2D mode selection, resource allocation, and power control to optimally improve the operation (EE) of a multi-tier heterogenous network under various network load conditions: low, medium, and high traffic. 2) D2D mode selection based on the Fuzzy C mean (FCM) clustering algorithm is developed It allows the dynamic and real-time (with a TTI) switching of D2D users between dedicated (DM) and/or reuse (RS) mode based on network resource block (RB) availability. Co-channel interference is considered among different network tiers {MBtier , SBtier }, {MBtier , D2Dtier }, and {SBtier , D2Dtier }
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