Abstract
To reduce the space-heating needs, balanced mechanical ventilation equipped with a heat recovery is frequently implemented in highly-insulated residential buildings. This standard ventilation strategy tends to homogenize temperature inside the building, in other words, to reduce temperature zoning. In some countries, such as Norway, many users would like colder bedrooms. It has been proved that a significant part of the occupants in Norwegian passive houses opens bedroom windows during several hours every night during winter. Dynamic simulations have shown that it strongly increases the space-heating needs and that control only is unable to create temperature zoning in an energy-efficient way. The building concept should be changed. In the present contribution, the physical processes during temperature zoning are further explained. Detailed dynamic simulations of a detached single-family house are performed using the simulation software IDA ICE for different insulation levels, construction modes (which also influence the thermal insulation in partition walls) and control strategies. Alternative mechanical ventilation strategies are compared. They manage to reduce the influence of mechanical ventilation on the increased space-heating needs due to window opening but they cannot improve the large contribution of heat conduction through partition walls between heated areas and unheated bedrooms. Among the investigated ventilation strategies, decentralized ventilation has intrinsically the best performance.
Highlights
The necessity to drastically reduce the space-heating (SH) needs of residential buildings in Europe has prompted the emergence of building concepts based on a super-insulated building envelope, such as the passive house (PH) standard [1]
Alternative mechanical ventilation strategies are compared. They manage to reduce the influence of mechanical ventilation on the increased space-heating needs due to window opening but they cannot improve the large contribution of heat conduction through partition walls between heated areas and unheated bedrooms
As shown in Equation 5, this directly reduces ΔP. These results are in line with the simplified theoretical framework. It shows that heat conduction has a large contribution that cannot be reduced by a change of ventilation strategy
Summary
The necessity to drastically reduce the space-heating (SH) needs of residential buildings in Europe has prompted the emergence of building concepts based on a super-insulated building envelope, such as the passive house (PH) standard [1]. The proposed concepts for Norwegian Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB) are most often based on super-insulated building envelopes [3]. These buildings have a building envelope that is super- or highly-insulated leading to limited heat losses. The ventilation is most often centralized, meaning that a single air handling unit (AHU) is installed in residential buildings, such as detached and row houses. With this standard MVHR, the supply ventilation air has the same temperature for each room in the building.
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