Abstract
Metallic powder bed additive manufacturing processes have evolved a lot over the last few years. A number of alternative processes have been developed and are classified in the present chapter. In order for these processes to deliver metallic parts, a large amount of energy is delivered to the powder that is used as a raw material. The implications to the sustainability are discussed and sustainability key performance indicators are presented. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the relevant literature of the studies presented on the energy efficiency of metallic powder bed additive manufacturing processes and the key challenges for improving it. Furthermore, modelling of the process with finite element simulation is discussed for the estimation of the energy efficiency and the optimisation of the process under this prism. Because the preheating of the raw material is the key energy consumer, the alternative methods are discussed and compared.
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