Abstract
About the building heritage and, in particular, about the widespread heritage without historical or architectural quality, it currently opens a challenge in perpetual evolution. This is the integration of innovative technological solutions for building regeneration, which can help a qualitative improvement of the living spaces and the reduction of energy consumptions. Context factors, the intensity of precipitation, the different types of soil, and the amount of solar irradiation or wind speed are doubtless the main causes of the degradation of the existing buildings. On another way, through the control of climatic and biophysical parameters, the focus on the properties of materials and a careful design process, these variables can increase the use of renewable energy sources, becoming environmental resources to reduce energy consumption, to provide comfortable living spaces and aiming the realization of a Near Zero Energy Building. The paper proposes a reflection on the main methodological issues emerged in the hypothesis of intervention experimented on a case study in the city of L'Aquila. The building, located near the historical center of the city, is in direct relation with important pre-existences such as the Forte Spagnolo and the San Salvatore hospital. It is an example of possible regeneration of low quality building in which the additional use of new functional spaces can increase not only energy performances, but also an increase of architectural value of the building.
Highlights
Most of the civil engineering in Italy dates back to the postwar period and has been characterized by a poor interest in sustainability, until to 1991, when the first law on energy efficiency was enacted, unlike the previously used techniques that mitigated atmospheric agents, through the massive masonry, in what we can define nowadays a perfect exploitation of passive systems
Taking into account cultural and ecological diversity is the central node of technological experimentations aimed at the regeneration of the existing building heritage, by disregarding the now-acclaimed tendency to homologation of constructive techniques without taking into account the context
The building becomes a “unicum” as it is located in a given geographical area that has its own climatic characteristics and a certain cultural heritage from which the various construction materials are emerging to an ever-higher ecological value with an ever-lower gray energy [13]. It comes to light the importance of investigations on the envelope and its technological exploration on adaptation, borrowed theme from biology and transposed in the ability to change its characteristics through the enhancement of environmental parameters aiming to reduce energy consumption, improve insider and outer comfort and habitability [14]
Summary
Most of the civil engineering in Italy dates back to the postwar period and has been characterized by a poor interest in sustainability, until to 1991, when the first law on energy efficiency was enacted, unlike the previously used techniques that mitigated atmospheric agents, through the massive masonry, in what we can define nowadays a perfect exploitation of passive systems. Despite the directive of the Community legislation dating back to 2010 (2010/31 / EU "Energy performance of the buildings ") the European legislator, in that occasion, introduces the concept of nearly zero energy building, requiring national legislation to develop different plans according to the type of building that takes into account different climatic and local conditions from one zone to another They impose that by the end of 2020 all new buildings must reach a high-energy efficiency threshold. The operational dimension for the specific Italian case, is in a close relationship with requalification of existing architectural heritage [4] This gives way to a vast panorama of research and experimentation that focus and identifies the issues. It is important to know their constitution, their rule, their quality and the state of conservation to ensure the appropriateness of the exploratory phases with respect to the issues investigated and, to guide project decisions (Figure 2)
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