Abstract
Waste management could contribute significantly to reducing environmental degradation. Studies showed that briquetting provides with or without binder helps to manage wastes as energy fuels. However, the properties of many binders are not investigated extensively. This work investigated the effect of two organic binders’ low rate on energy efficiency of Briquettes produced from charcoals of Tender Coconut Husks (TCH), Palm Kernel Shells (PKS) and Corn Cobs (CC). Bombax Costatum calyx (B) and Cissus Repens barks (C) were used separately as binders to elaborate briquettes. The briquettes were compared based on their energy efficiency parameters with wood charcoal as control. Energy efficiency parameters such as water boiling time (WBT), mass of biomass used (MB), burning rate (BR), temperature rise rate (TR) and maximum temperature in the furnace (Tmax) were measured from each biomass charcoal briquette and wood charcoal combustion. Water boiling test was applied to determine briquettes thermal properties. The results of WBT, BR, TR and Tmax were respectively within the ranges 3.4 - 12.3 min, 2.90 - 7.71 g/min, 4.63°C/s - 16.10°C/s and 623°C - 900°C. Corn Cobs charcoal briquettes with Bombax binder took the shortest time to boil water and also presented a high temperature rise rate and the highest maximum temperature. The lowest burning rates were obtained for Tender coconut husks charcoal briquettes with Cissus binder. They showed good material conservation for bombax bound briquettes. The results of our investigations showed that binders content increasing enhanced the thermomechanical stability and affected negatively the energy efficiency parameters of the studied briquettes.
Highlights
The firewood is the most important source of energy in most of the Sub-Saharan countries, firewood covers a large part of the needs of cooking energy
Higher water boiling time (WBT) were recorded for Palm Kernel Shells (PKS) briquettes for the two tested binders
Briquette of Corn Cobs (CC) with 4% Bombax binder had a lower Water Evaporating Time (WET) than wood charcoal one
Summary
The firewood is the most important source of energy in most of the Sub-Saharan countries, firewood covers a large part of the needs of cooking energy One important way of limiting the deforestation and protecting the environment is briquetting the agricultural wastes and other biomasses (Muhammad Yerizam et al, 2013) [7], (Bianca G. de Oliveira Maia et al, 2014) [8], (Gabrierl Borowski et al, 2017) [9], J.O Awulu et al [15] have studied the effect of Bombax and Cissus on the briquettes properties of some biomasses. Their rate effect has not been extensively investigated. The influence of low concentration of the two binders was examined from the combustion characteristics of three rates bound briquettes produced from charcoals of Tender Coconut Husks, Palm Kernel Shells and Corn Cobs
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