Abstract
Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) is considered as one of the major technologies for 5G communications, implementing huge elements of antenna array to boost spectral efficiency, robustness, and reliability. However, massive deployment of MIMO antenna elements also increases power consumption, which ultimately cannot fulfill another important design criterion of 5G communications, i.e., energy- efficiency. In addition, huge deployment of closely spaced antenna also increases co-channel interference. Nakagami-m fading channel has the m diversity order to minimize interference in different fading distributions. Based on base station antennas distribution, massive MIMO can be classified as co-located, distributed, and hybrid. In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency of massive MIMO systems for different distributions using MMSE (minimum mean square error) detector in Nakagami-m fading channel. Simulation results show that the high energy efficiency can be exploited in hybrid system compared to other two MIMO distributions. Moreover, the trade-off between spectral efficiency and energy efficiency with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is also portrayed for different distribution.
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