Abstract
Abstract Data envelopment analysis ( DEA ) has recently become a popular approach in measuring the regional energy and environmental efficiency at the macroeconomy level. Within a joint production framework of considering both desirable and undesirable outputs, as well as the separation of energy inputs and nonenergy inputs, this study proposes several energy efficiency indices based on (i) the traditional DEA with undesirable outputs transformation technique; (ii) the directional distance function‐based DEA relying on the weak disposability assumption; (iii) the range adjusted measure‐based method relying on the natural and managerial disposability assumptions; and (iv) the multidirectional efficiency analysis approach from which both the energy efficiency status and the energy efficiency patterns of different regions can be detected. The characteristics of the above DEA ‐based energy efficiency indices will be further compared and discussed, and these methods and related indices are applied to regional energy and environmental efficiency evaluation of clean energy system.
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