Abstract
The components of the electrical energy requirements for metal electrowinning are reviewed. Various energy saving measures are assessed, including the use of dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) having low oxygen overvoltages. The current-density distribution on parallel electrodes is computed as a function of the electrochemical parameters of the electrode reactions, the ionic resistivity of the electrolyte, and the internal electronic resistivity of the electrodes. The validity of the mathematical model has been experimentally verified using DSA anodes in a copper electrowinning circuit. The energy savings achievable using dimensionally stable anodes are shown to be affected greatly by the internal resistance of the anode substrate. The effects of variation of the kinetic parameters are secondary.
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