Energy efficiency gain through partial recovery of surplus energy induced by non-linear operating conditions and environments

Abstract

The response of linear systems is invariably linear when operating conditions are linear and within normally expected operating range. Operating conditions, as used herein, are continuous or discrete occurrences that either directly or indirectly cause energy flow. Environmental conditions that may induce nonlinear system behavior include ambient conditions that may cause property changes or introduce energy from external sources that cause change of linear energy flow, such as wind or electromagnetic interference. Linear performance continues when continuously varying conditions remain within the foregoing boundaries. Nonlinear operating conditions cause inefficient use of energy. The consequences are surplus or excess energy. Surplus energy is frequently recovered by use of recuperating and transformation techniques. Energy recovery, regardless of implementation, partially recovers surplus energy and improves efficiency. All types of transportation, including aircraft and ships operate under conditions and environments that are without exception nonlinear. Roads undulate and curve. Traction and road surface characteristics also continuously change. Competing vehicular traffic govern speed and maneuvering and other unanticipated factors such as wind buffeting. Prior investigations and analyses of component failures and system non-linear behavior led to the method for improving energy efficiency. Accordingly this paper includes an overview of the surplus energy effects on systems when non-linear operating conditions exist. Also included are the background and test results for this automotive system that partially recovers surplus energy. A highly regarded automotive test laboratory performed independent tests in accordance with U.S. Federal Test Procedure (FTP) 75 that indicate approximately 2% improvement in fuel economy. A U.S. Patent was issued for this surplus energy recovery system.