Abstract
We investigate the tradeoff between energy efficiency (EE) and spectrum efficiency (SE) in the heterogeneous network composed of a macro base station (BS), several pico BSs, and device-to-device (D2D) communication pairs during the uplink transmission. A utility function of the tradeoff between EE and SE is defined first. Then, we formulate the tradeoff utility maximization problem as a joint channel allocation and power control problem for cellular and D2D users. The original problem is transformed into a more tractable subtractive form, and we further decompose the problem into several subproblems that can be solved separately. Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and offer valuable insights. Compared with EE, SE is much less sensitive to the variation of the tradeoff factor, which indicates that our proposed scheme can achieve high EE while guaranteeing a fairly large value of SE with a properly chosen EE–SE tradeoff factor.
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