Abstract
Environmental protection and health issues have always been of great concern. This study employed modified Meta-Frontier Dynamic Network Data Envelopment Analysis to explore the environmental pollution effects from energy consumption on the mortality of children and adults, tuberculosis rate, survival rate, and health expenditure efficiencies in 15 old EU states and 13 new EU states from 2010 to 2014. We calculated the overall efficiency scores and technology gap ratios for each old EU and new EU states as well as the efficiencies of non-renewable energy, renewable energy, PM2.5, CO2, labor, GDP, tuberculosis, child mortality, adult mortality, health expenditure efficiency, and survival efficiency at the health stage. The average annual overall efficiencies of the old EU states are higher than that of the new EU states. Whether in terms of energy efficiencies or health efficiencies, the inputs and outputs of the old EU states are always higher than that of the new EU states. Overall, developing countries in Eastern Europe are lagging behind in terms of energy and health efficiencies. At the same time, the efficiency of child mortality is lower than that of adult mortality, and the efficiency of PM2.5 is higher than that of CO2 in both old and new EU states.
Highlights
The EU is a regional cooperative organization, and it has the highest degree of international economic integration in the world
This study focused on the energy efficiencies and health efficiencies in 15 old EU states and 13 new EU states from 2010 to 2014 in individual and total stages
We calculated the efficiencies for the inputs and outputs of the production and health stage in old EU states and new EU states, including the non-renewable energy, renewable energy, PM2.5, CO2, labor, GDP, tuberculosis rate, mortality rate of children, mortality rate of adults, health expenditure efficiencies, and survival rate efficiencies
Summary
The EU is a regional cooperative organization, and it has the highest degree of international economic integration in the world. As energy and environmental protection issues are closely related to our health problems, how to improve the efficiency of energy, environmental protection, and health input–output has become a problem worthy of study, with focus on the case of differences that occur within in the development of European Union countries. The carbon emissions and air pollution have a very strong impact on respiratory, heart, and brain functions and can lead to some serious diseases; the government and society will have a significant fund for relational health expenditure for the health treatment Based on such an influence and transmission mechanism, this study employed modified meta-frontier dynamic network data envelopment analysis to explore the environmental pollution effects resulting from energy consumption on the mortality of children and adults, tuberculosis rate, survival rate, and health expenditure efficiencies in old EU and new EU states. The remainder of this article is organized such that the second section gives the literature review, the third section introduces the research model and method, the fourth section gives the empirical study results, and the fifth section presents the conclusions and implications
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