Abstract
One way to decrease the greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector is to improve the building energy performance, which can be mainly achieved by the reduction of energy consumption. In the case of the existing objects, this goal could be achieved by the thermo-modernization of the building partitions and equipment. This article concerns the issue of heat consumption for heating purposes after a comprehensive retrofitting of nine educational buildings (two kindergartens and seven schools) located in south-eastern Poland where both the total efficiency of the heating installation and the thermal insulation of building partitions were improved. The evaluation of the real energy effects was made on the basis of the measurements performed over the 8 year period of operation for each building. The obtained values were compared with the boundary values of the factors that were in force in Poland during the period when all of the buildings were retrofitted. Additionally, they were compared with the results of theoretical calculations included in the energy audits of the example of three objects and an attempt to describe the reasons for the discrepancies was made. All obtained results were discussed with the available literature sources and summarized with the suitable conclusions.
Highlights
The treaty on climate change from the conference in Kyoto, which was held in 1997, was ratified by 141 countries and entered into force on February 16, 2005
Energy savings have been sought in this area for a long time, setting increasingly high requirements in terms of the thermal insulation of building partitions and energy efficiency for modernized and newly constructed buildings as well as the technical systems that constitute their equipment [5,6]
The decrease in heat consumption for heating due to comprehensive retrofitting was calculated, real factors of annual final and non-renewable primary energy consumption were determined, and they were compared with the values included in the national technical and construction regulations required during the thermo-modernization investment period
Summary
The treaty on climate change from the conference in Kyoto, which was held in 1997, was ratified by 141 countries and entered into force on February 16, 2005. Poland, were obliged to reduce their own greenhouse gas emissions, and to achieve the overarching goal of environmental protection. This goal can be achieved, among others, by reducing the energy consumption in the building sector, which is one of the most energy-consuming branches of the economy [1,2,3,4]. The activities to reduce the energy consumption in buildings have been conducted for over 20 years in Poland, and even longer in some other European countries (Germany, Denmark) which have intensified after the introduction of the European. In order to achieve the intended goal, work usually begins with the legislative
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