Energy effective routing optimisation using ACO-FDR PSO for improving MANET performance

Abstract

Autonomous devices that are interconnected in an on demand fashion that communicate in wireless medium with the available energy constitute mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Communication in these networks is restricted to lifetime of the nodes that in turn dependent upon the node's battery power. Therefore optimisation is necessary to prolong node lifetime and communication period. This work proposes a hybrid ant colony optimisation (ACO) combined with fitness distance ratio particle swarm optimisation (FDR PSO) to optimise energy. ACO finds the energy efficient path in the network based on higher residual energy and FDR PSO minimises energy consumption of the network, to enhance node lifetime which ensures energy efficient routing. Duty cycle algorithm collaborated with ACO swaps the nodes between active and sleep state depending upon their utilisation. This prevents a node being active all time though it has no communication at that instant of time. The proposed hybrid technique (ACO-FDR PSO) is tested over a 100 node network scenario. The impact of varying number of nodes and their speed on the performance metrics such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, drop and residual energy have been analysed using NS-2 simulator.