Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are capable of serving as a data collector for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we investigate an energy-effective data gathering approach in UAV-aided WSNs, where each sensor node (SN) dynamically chooses the transmission modes, i.e., (1) waiting, (2) conventional sink node transmission, (3) uploading to UAV, to transmit sensory data within a given time. By jointly considering the SN’s transmission policy and UAV trajectory optimization, we aim to minimize the transmission energy consumption of the SNs and ensure all sensory data completed collected within the given time. We take a two-step iterative approach and decouple the SN’s transmission design and UAV trajectory optimization process. First, we design the optimal SNs transmission mode policy with preplanned UAV trajectory. A dynamic programming (DP) algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal transmission policy. Then, with the fixed transmission policy, we optimize the UAV’s trajectory from the preplanned trace with recursive random search (RRS) algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme achieves significant energy savings gain over the benchmark schemes.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks have been largely deployed for various sensory solutions: agricultural and environmental monitoring, or smart cities application [1,2,3], enabled by an enormous amount of sensor nodes (SNs)
We considered a single Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) deployed in the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for data gathering, flying at a fixed altitude L = 50 m
We only considered a single sink node situation in the simulation, but the proposed algorithm can be extended to the scenario with multiple sink nodes
Summary
Wireless sensor networks have been largely deployed for various sensory solutions: agricultural and environmental monitoring, or smart cities application [1,2,3], enabled by an enormous amount of sensor nodes (SNs). The sensory nodes typically send the collected data to the sink node. Constrained by the distance and channel character, the direct sink node transmission approach is energy-consuming. Powered by battery, these sensor nodes are difficult to be recharged [4]. It is of great importance to design the energy-efficient data collection approach for prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [5]. The mobile sink was considered in [6] to enhance the network performance in the WSNs
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