Abstract
This paper describes the possibility of replacing the single-fuel spark-ignition engines (SFSIE) fuelled with gasoline by the dual-fuel spark-ignition engines (DFSIE) fuelled with bioethanol and biogas. GASEQ software was used to estimate the combustion exhaust gases of the bioethanol, biogas and gasoline with 27% ethanol and 20% ethanol in order to calculate the energy-ecological efficiency of the DFSIE and the SFSIE. The tank-to-wheel (TTW) emissions were calculated to analyse the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted per kilometre and compared to the tailpipe emissions standards defined by the United States and European Union. The results showed that the energy-ecological efficiency found for the DFSIE fuelled with 50% bioethanol and 50% biogas was higher than that found for the SFSIE fuelled with gasoline. However, the TTW emissions of the DFSIE in category 2.0 presented the lowest emission values when compared to the other categories. As can be seen from the results obtained in the present study, the use of the DFSIE fuelled with bioethanol and biogas reveals the effect on the energy-ecological efficiency and the TTW emissions. The findings of this study can be used as a guide for public policy makers in order to assist their planning of sustainable urban mobility programs.
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