Abstract
Abstract This paper examines energy, drinking water and health nexus in India, and its consequences for the environment and economy. To establish this nexus, K-means cluster analysis and Davies–Bouldin validation index are employed to group 32 Indian states and union territories. The classification was performed based on 16 criteria, and the number of optimal clusters arrived at is 8. The nexus between energy, drinking water and health must be cautiously dealt with to ensure the social and economic growth of the nation. The criterion analysis of the states within these clusters indicates that states and union territories facing energy crises are usually deficient in safe drinking water services; consequently, people of those regions suffer from ill-health, which increases the economic burden on people through the loss of work productivity. With a deficient cash reserve, the communities are incapable of fulfilling the demand for energy and safe drinking water. However, while installing desalination plants to fulfil the need for safe drinking water, their environmental impact must be taken into account, as these systems have high energy consumption and significant environmental impact.
Highlights
For every living being, water and air are the two necessary substances for the survival of life on Earth
With a deficient cash reserve, the communities are incapable of fulfilling the demand for energy and safe drinking water
This study investigates the energy, drinking water and health nexus in India, keeping in view its critical role in climate change
Summary
Water and air are the two necessary substances for the survival of life on Earth. The World Bank estimates that 21% of infectious diseases in India are related to the consumption of unsafe water, and diarrhoea alone causes more than 1,600 deaths daily To handle these challenges, two basic requirements, access to clean energy and safe drinking water to every individual, must be fulfilled by the central and state governments (Ambade et al ). This nexus issue has to be dealt with comprehensively to boost countries’ economic growth as well as to reduce poverty. Review of the literature shows that the interlinking of energy, drinking water and human health in the Indian context is not holistically dealt with by any investigators to handle the problem of energy and safe drinking water security for the sustainable development of the nation. The work concludes with region-wise investigations and policy recommendations
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