Energy dissipation model for irregular breaking waves owing to air bubbles

Abstract

Based on the air bubbles effect, an irregular energy dissipation model for plunging and spilling breaking waves has been developed theoretically. To develop the model, the probability of fraction of breaking wave phenomenon has been applied. The developed model has been numerically solved for irregular beaches and analytically solved for plane sloping beaches. The energy balance and the momentum balance equations are used to calculate the root mean square (RMS) wave height and the wave set-up, respectively. To validate the new model, a large number and a variety of test circumstances, involving small-scale, large-scale, and experimental field data, have been employed. Finally, the intended models execute a smaller amount of normalized RMS error (NRMSE) in calculating RMS wave height as well as wave set-up compared with the different categories of experimental data.