Energy dilution with α-cellulose in diets for Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.) juveniles — Effects on growth, feed intake, liver size and digestibility of nutrients

Abstract

Farmed Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.) is known to grow large liver, while muscle growth is preferred. Therefore, the main focus of this feeding trial was to find a strategy to achieve reduced liver size without compromising total growth, feed utilization, digestibility of nutrients or fish health. All experimental diets held a similar protein to energy (P:E) ratio, but indigestible fibre was added to dilute total energy. Two basal diet mixtures had increasing α-cellulose levels (0, 6, 12 and 18%). The basal diet mixtures consisted of either 50% plant ingredients plus 50% fish meal as protein sources (PP), or 100% fish meal (FM). The initial average cod live weight was 139 ± 4 g, and the feeding trial lasted for 97 days. All diet groups showed good growth and feed utilization, both in combination with FM and PP. Increased dietary α-cellulose did, however, result in increased feed intake and similar protein and energy intakes in all treatments, concluding that the cod adjusted its feed intake to both protein and energy levels in the diet to maintain growth. Digestibility of fat and dry matter decreased with increased α-cellulose. Liver index (HSI), protein digestibility and protein retention was not affected by α-cellulose. None of the haematological or clinical parameters in blood and plasma were affected by dietary treatment, and close to no mortality was registered in the experiment. The results show that cod is able to adjust its feed, protein and energy intake to maintain growth. Adding α-cellulose to diets can therefore not be used as a strategy to reduce liver size, at least not when offering cod a feeding regime to satiation.