Abstract
For this work, the specific heat value of a Li-ion cell was determined experimentally as if it were a homogeneous body. The heat absorbed in the cell was compared with the amount of energy contained in the charged cell. It was found that a fully charged cell poses a risk of spontaneous combustion in the event of the release of electrical energy. On the basis of literature research, the combustion process of a lithium cell has been described. The formula was derived for the value of the state of charge that does not pose a risk of self-ignition. In view of the existing threats, the currently used protection against cell damage and tests to demonstrate the safety of cells were analyzed. It has been indicated that currently used battery management systems do not guarantee the safety in a state of developing thermal runaway process. A new active way of protecting cells in a battery has been proposed, consisting in sectoral discharge of cells. The use of this solution would be important for the improvement of fire safety in the automotive industry as well as in mining and in the construction of energy storage.
Highlights
Powered vehicles are generally considered to be much greener in terms of the absence of exhaust fumes
The second important conclusion is the adoption of the temperature limit for the beginning of the thermal runaway process from the literature (Section 3.2.2)
The second is the calculation of the hypothetical temperature to which the cell could heat up if all electrical energy contained in it was converted into heat and no escape occurred (Section 3.3.2)
Summary
Powered vehicles are generally considered to be much greener in terms of the absence of exhaust fumes. The awareness that they carry other risks is very limited. Vehicle manufacturers make every effort to keep vehicles safe. This is due to the concern about product quality, and to the standards in force in the automotive industry. Production standards apply to the vehicles as a whole, and to the safety of individual components. The development of vehicle design is aimed at increasing both passive and active safety. Pressure on manufacturers is exerted, inter alia, through advanced test programs, such as The European New
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