Abstract
An attempt has been made to investigate the various sources of energy and their relative consumptions in various branches of glass and ceramic industries in India. The different types of kilns and furnaces used in ceramic industry and their designs with respect to various items produced have also been described. The latest trend in shorter firing cycles and lower firing temperature (except for refractories) to conserve energy and the effect of continuous rise in fuel prices, e.g. coal, furnace oil, kerosene, gas and electricity during the last 20 years on the prices of various ceramic products like sanitaryware, tile, tablewares, insulators etc have been studied. Suggestions have been made with respect to new designs and operational techniques in ceramic tunnel kiln to improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption in them.
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