Energy creation and entropy production due to bulk viscosity during an instantaneous phase transition

Abstract

The role of bulk viscosity which arises due to the non-equilibrium processes during an instantaneous phase transition in the closed ( k=1>) FRW model is analysed. It is seen that the presence of a transient bulk viscosity leads to discontinuity in the Hubble parameter and the energy density. The discontinuity in the energy density (Δϱ>0>) implies that bulk viscosity leads to creation of energy. These discontinuities vanish in the absence of bulk viscosity which is the source of the discontinuity. The subsequent evolution of the universe, after the transition, is influenced by the strength of the bulk viscosity term. The amount of entropy produced solely depends on the critical values of various quantities, like the Hubble parameter, the energy density, the baryon number density and the temperature at the time of the phase transition.