Abstract
The worldwide demand for reduction of CO2 pollution, with more penetration of renewable energy sources and an increased number of electric vehicles (EVs), demonstrates the importance of economic dispatch (ED) with taking into account the reduction of CO2 emission. ED is a classical problem in which EVs impose more penetration as a dynamic load, and its impact as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is the possible future trend with cost minimization. Based on the integration of EVs and hybrid renewable sources concerning both economic dispatch and pollution minimization, the multi-objective function is converted into a single comprehensive objective by using the judgment matrix methodology. In this paper, the investigation involves the minimization of the cost of all three objectives viz. operation cost, pollution cost, and carbon emissions with ED by incorporating V2G technology. The algorithms which include particle swarm optimization, as well as artificial bee colony, are applied under various operation and control strategies. The proposed models are verified and analyzed with different case studies. In terms of operation economics, the simulation results validate the superior performance of EVs based microgrid (MG) model in the coordinated charging and discharging mode. Further, the comparison of both algorithms shows better results with the ABC algorithm in terms of cost minimization of all objectives. ABC is better in V2G based microgrid with coordinated charging and discharging mode while its performance is significant during a large number of EVs (i.e., 700 EVs). Moreover, the load shedding scenarios are integrated which enables the MG system to operate in dual mode (i.e., seamless transition). In this paper, the main contribution involves penetration of EVs as dynamic load and its V2G impact in a coordinated or uncoordinated way, application of ABC algorithm for this particular load problem with improved results, and inclusion of short-term load shedding scenarios.
Highlights
For the time being, the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) has been significantly increased due to the global energy decline as well as the increase of environmental concerns represented in greenhouse gases (GHG emission)
This simulation result elaborates that the vehicle’s coordination in charging and discharging mode is reducing the operating cost, carbon emissions and pollutant emissions during the grid-connected mode of the MG. This is verified that all the objectives are achieved with their best prices by opting proposed artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm as compared to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm
While strategy-2 reduces by 53.70% of the operating cost, reduces by 52.16% pollutant emissions, and decreases by 62.48% of the carbon dioxide emissions
Summary
The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) has been significantly increased due to the global energy decline as well as the increase of environmental concerns represented in greenhouse gases (GHG emission). R. Habib et al.: Energy Cost Optimization of Hybrid Renewables Based V2G Microgrid Considering Multi Objective Function TABLE 1. Summary of related research on EVs. objective function was solved with the V2G case in [26] without keeping in view the integration of renewable energy resources as well as multi-objective cost functions (OC, PTC, CE). The main contribution involves penetration of EVs as dynamic load and its V2G impact in a coordinated or uncoordinated way, application of ABC algorithm for this particular load problem with improved results, and inclusion of short-term load shedding scenarios. EVs data follows a normal distribution, and our data which is taken from [29], follows a normal distribution, and it is selected for this research study
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