Abstract
The focus of this study is the optimal configuration of a wireless low-power duty-cycled network with respect to the minimal energy consumption. Precisely, the energy consumption of a truncated-ARQ scheme in realistic shadowing environments is examined for the reference IEEE 802.15.4e standard protocol and for its cooperative extension that is presented in the paper. We show how to choose between the direct or multihop forwarding and the cooperative version of the two. We determine the optimal forwarding strategy for both loose and strict reliability requirements. Low-power links are parametrised by the interdevice distance and the corresponding outage probability, for the fixed output transmission power. It is shown that significant amounts of energy can be saved when the most adequate scheme of the three is applied. All analytical results are validated in the network simulator ns-3.
Highlights
A device domain of the machine-to-machine (M2M) communication system largely consists of resource-constrained, low-power, and energy-efficient devices
We extend the analysis beyond cooperative scenario to offer a comprehensive overview of low-power wireless links
We focus on the transceiver of the IEEE 802.15.4 radios, working in the 2.4 GHz band, whose bit error rate pb is given by [17]
Summary
A device domain of the machine-to-machine (M2M) communication system largely consists of resource-constrained, low-power, and energy-efficient devices. In order to formulate the energy consumption model for the protocol stack of M2M low-power devices, we start by deducing a link metric that considers realistic operating conditions. A metric we propose is dependent on two critical parameters under study: link distance and the related outage probability This metric is the Average Number of Transmissions per Packet Ntx. By considering outages at the link layer, we provide original approach in the analysis of low-power, unreliable links. We adapt the C-ARQ technique to the duty-cycled scheme without assuming overhearing at the relay and optimise it for the most energy-efficient operating regime. We extend the analysis beyond cooperative scenario to offer a comprehensive overview of low-power wireless links. CDC-ARQ for a duty-cycled device alternates between the direct and multihop forwarding depending on the channel conditions.
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