Abstract
This paper discusses a spreading factor allocation for Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). Because Long Range (LoRa) is based on chirp spread spectrum that each spreading factor is approximately orthogonal to each other, the performance of LoRaWAN can be enhanced by allocating the spreading factor appropriately to end devices (EDs). Several spreading factor allocation techniques have been reported. Techniques shown in existing studies can improve some characteristics (e.g. throughput or packet reception probability (PRP)); however, there are a few studies that have focused on the energy consumption of the EDs. The LoRa communication offers a low power communication and this enables the improvement of the performance in exchange for the energy consumption. This paper presents a performance improvement technique via spreading factor allocations for LoRaWAN. We define the optimization problem for the spreading factor allocation to maximize the PRP under a constraint for the average energy consumption of all the EDs. It enables for the performance improvement under the constraint of the average energy consumption of all the EDs by solving the problem. This study further develops a method to solve the defined problem based on a distributed genetic algorithm, which is metaheuristics method. Although the techniques shown in the existing studies give the average energy consumption as a result of the performance improvement by the spreading factor allocation, the presented technique can enhance the LoRaWAN performance by allocating the spreading factor to EDs under the constraint for the average energy consumption of all the EDs. Numerical examples validate the effectiveness of the presented technique. The PRP performance of the presented technique is superior to that of the techniques shown in the existing studies despite that the average energy consumption of all the EDs of the presented technique is less than that of the techniques shown in the existing studies.
Highlights
Applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) have been considerably focused and a lot ofIoT devices will be deployed to gather information for smart metering, environmental monitoring, and health-care applications
It is well known that low-power wide-area (LPWA) networks (LPWANs) are communication systems that are supported by massive IoT devices with a low traffic end device (ED) [1]
The presented technique is effective for the design of Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) that can demonstrate the best performance under the constraint for the average energy consumption of all EDs
Summary
Applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) have been considerably focused and a lot of. It can be considered that the performance of LoRaWAN can be enhanced to allocate the spreading factor appropriately to EDs. the energy consumption has never been much considered in the spreading factor allocation technique. This paper presents a spreading factor allocation technique that considers the energy consumption at EDs for the performance improvement of LoRaWAN. In order to allocate the spreading factor appropriately, a constrained optimization problem is defined For this problem, the minimum packet reception probability (PRP) of all the EDs is maximized under a constraint for the average energy consumption of all the EDs. This study attempts to allocate an appropriate spreading factor to EDs by solving the problem.
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