Abstract
In wireless sensor networks, energy harvesting is developed as an effective way to solve energy drain problem of nodes which powered by battery, just like that cooperative communication is used to improve transmission reliability. In some energy harvesting networks, the nodes’ energy harvested from ambient environment is disequilibrium. For example, nodes exposed to sunlight collect more solar energy than those shaded. Impoverished energy will reduce transmission reliability because some nodes have not enough energy to send data or are forced to decrease transmission power to save energy. In this paper, energy collaboration is taken into consideration for non-homogeneous energy harvesting in cooperative wireless sensor networks, where all sensor nodes harvest solar energy and then store it in rechargeable battery. And an energy cooperative protocol is proposed for energy inhomogeneity to enhance transmission reliability among relay nodes through radio frequency, where the nodes with abundant energy share excess power to other nodes which undertake the forwarding task but store insufficient energy. By exploiting ACK/NACK frame fed back from the destination node and No Enough Energy (NEE) frame advertised by the forwarding relays in the active set, each candidate node forms its energy supply set when all of them are lack of energy for transmitting. For the relay selection, three strategies are presented for choosing the pair of the best forwarding relay and the optimal energy supply relay, which are respectively named Best Channel Strategy, Nearest Distance Strategy and Minimum Energy Sharing Strategy. Furthermore, the outage probability of cooperative transmission under energy collaboration is derived. Simulation results show that energy collaboration for cooperative wireless sensor networks can significantly reduce the outage probability of the system and improve transmission reliability of the network.
Highlights
Cooperative communication is widely used in wireless sensor networks to improve transmission reliability due to the simple configuration of nodes [1]
Selection cooperation protocol based on feedback frame from destination node, which effectively improved the reliability of data transmission and provided more than one best relay
In this paper, a cooperative scheme with energy collaboration between relay nodes is proposed in non-homogeneous energy harvesting networks
Summary
Cooperative communication is widely used in wireless sensor networks to improve transmission reliability due to the simple configuration of nodes [1]. Literature [30] developed a partial relay selection protocol (PRS) based on partial channel state information and an opportunistic relay selection (ORS) method by taking the harvested energy into account to enhance system performance in terms of outage probability and diversity gain On this basis, considering the impact of hardware noises, hybrid partial relay selection (H-PRS) and best opportunistic relay selection (B-ORS) protocols were proposed to improve transmission reliability and throughput in [31], where instantaneous signal to noise ratio (SNR) replaced channel gain to select the best relay. The paper introduces data cooperation and energy collaboration simultaneously to communication protocol in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks and proposes a cooperative scheme for both data and energy to improve transmission reliability.
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