Abstract
This study investigates the capacity, in terms of energy, of waffle-flat-plate (WFP) structures with hysteretic dampers subjected to biaxial seismic actions. A numerical model was developed and calibrated with the experimental results obtained from shake-table testing carried out on a WFP specimen subjected to biaxial seismic loads. Then the WFP system was retrofitted with hysteretic dampers—slit-plate dampers (SPDs)—and the numerical model was subjected to different sets of ordinary ground motion records to attain different seismic performance levels (SPLs). Each set of records was applied in a sequence of scaled seismic simulations until the SPL of near collapse was achieved. The capacity in terms of input energy and dissipated energy are presented for the different SPLs, taking into account the differences observed under unidirectional and bidirectional seismic loadings. Furthermore, the level of damage (i.e., accumulated plastic deformations), the level of ductility and the relationship between them—expressed as equivalent number of cycles—are also shown for both the WFP system and the hysteretic dampers. The seismic capacity of the WFP system is found to be significantly enhanced by the inclusion of hysteretic dampers.
Highlights
Flat-plate (FP) structures consist of horizontal reinforced concrete (RC) slabs supported on isolated columns
The input energy on a structure subjected to bidirectional seismic loading expressed in terms of equivalent velocity VE can be calculated from the energy input in the X, EIX, and in the Y, EIY, directions by VE = (VEX 2 +VEY 2 )0.5, where VEX = (2EIX /M)0.5, VEY = (2EIY /M)0.5
The same can be applied to the total energy that contributes to damage, ED, defined [15] as EI minus the energy dissipated by inherent damping Eξ, i.e., ED = EI − Eξ
Summary
Flat-plate (FP) structures consist of horizontal reinforced concrete (RC) slabs supported on isolated columns. One version of this type of system is the waffle-flat-plate (WFP) structure, which features. The bidirectional action of FP or WFP systems under gravity loads provides flexibility in the architectural design of the building; that is, it permits a non-regular layout of columns. These characteristics have led to a widespread use of FP and WFP structures in many earthquake-prone countries, including Spain and Mexico.
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