Abstract
Virtual Ring Routing (VRR) is an ad-hoc routing protocol that avoids flooding the network. It uses location independent identifiers for packet routing. However, VRR does not take into consideration the amount of energy in nodes, leading to the failure of several nodes in the network. To resolve this problem, we have adopted a hierarchical Distributed Hash Table in the VRR architecture. In the resulting architecture, the energy powerful sensors are responsible for most message traffic. Weak sensors are then utilized less frequently than powerful sensors. The experimental results show that Coral-based VRR consumes less energy than VRR and extends the network lifetime.
Highlights
Recent advances in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have motivated the development of specific routing protocols
Virtual Ring Routing (VRR) avoids flooding the network and organizes nodes into a virtual ring ordered by their location independent identifiers
In this paper, we have proposed Coral-based VRR, an energy-aware ad-hoc routing protocol based on location independent identifiers
Summary
Recent advances in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have motivated the development of specific routing protocols. VRR avoids flooding the network and organizes nodes into a virtual ring ordered by their location independent identifiers. VRR does not take into consideration the amount of energy in nodes, leading to frequent node failure To resolve this problem, this paper proposes a hierarchical VRR based on nodes energy amounts. The proposed architecture, called Coral-based VRR, classifies the nodes in a hierarchical manner, for example, in three nested virtual rings (the regular peers ring, the superpeers ring and the hyperpeers ring), according to their amount of energy. The others rings are just used to reach the hyperpeers ring In this manner, powerful nodes are more solicited than others nodes, leading to a longer network lifetime. The experiments show that our approach outperforms VRR in terms of energy consumption, end-to-end delay, routing performance and network lifetime.
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