Abstract
In this article, a routing protocol EARP (Energy Aware Routing Protocol) with the terminal node is proposed, to deal with the impact of the limited energy resources of Cognitive Radio Networks on the whole network routing. The protocol allows choosing the route from the neighbor nodes in different transmission paths, according to energy consumption of a single node and the full path. If the path breaks, the protocol will increase local routing maintenance strategy. It effectively reduces the retransmission caused by the situation, and improves the routing efficiency. It also can prevent the link transmission process selecting the fault route due to the energy depletion. Through simulation experiments compared with the LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) routing protocol, the results showed that in the same experimental environment, the proposed EARP could obviously balance the load, protect low energy nodes, prolong the network survival time and reduce packet loss rate and packet delay of data delivery. So it can improve the energy consumption of sensing node and provide routing capabilities.
Highlights
IntroductionHaykin [1] has precisely defined Cognitive Radio (CN) in the following way: “A cognitive radio transmitter will learn from the environment and adapt its internal states to statistical variations in the existing radio frequency (RF) stimuli by adjusting the transmission parameters (e.g., frequency band, modulation mode, and transmission power) in real-time and on-line manner”
Through simulation experiments compared with the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) routing protocol, the results showed that in the same experimental environment, the proposed energy aware routing protocol (EARP) could obviously balance the load, protect low energy nodes, prolong the network survival time and reduce packet loss rate and packet delay of data delivery
Haykin [1] has precisely defined Cognitive Radio (CN) in the following way: “A cognitive radio transmitter will learn from the environment and adapt its internal states to statistical variations in the existing radio frequency (RF) stimuli by adjusting the transmission parameters in real-time and on-line manner”
Summary
Haykin [1] has precisely defined Cognitive Radio (CN) in the following way: “A cognitive radio transmitter will learn from the environment and adapt its internal states to statistical variations in the existing radio frequency (RF) stimuli by adjusting the transmission parameters (e.g., frequency band, modulation mode, and transmission power) in real-time and on-line manner”. Comparing with the LEACH protocol, the EARP has some advantages, such as relatively small energy consumption, balancing the load, protecting low energy nodes, prolonging the network survival time and reducing packet loss rate and packet delay of data delivery. This is mainly because the EARP has chosen the neighbor sensing node with the maximum residual energy as the node hop, establishing the data forward routing with the minimum energy consumption, ensuring the energy balance of CRNs. The rest of this paper is organized as follows.
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