Energy-aware estimation and management models for quantum dot cellular automata

Abstract

Nowadays, the Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) cells as emerging digital systems are applied to designing digital complex circuits, subtractors, full adder, and flip flop structures. Also, many research studies have paid attention to optimizing and minimizing energy management and power consumption using reversible and single-layer logic circuits methods. The energy estimation and power calculation of QCA cells are emerging research issues in digital design circuits. To overcome optimizing energy management and power consumption of QCA cells, a comparison of existing methodologies can be useful to get the best outcomes and research direction. This paper provides a comprehensive and technical analysis of the existing optimized energy-aware estimation and management methodologies for QCA. Also, some important technical evaluation factors, tools, and designs are discussed and compared. Finally, new open issues and current challenges are shown with a point-to-point technical strategy.