Abstract
Energy Availability in Male and Female Elite Wheelchair Athletes Over Seven Consecutive Training Days
Highlights
Energy availability (EA) and low energy availability (LEA) have been researched extensively in the last ten years [1,2]
15 wheelchair athletes gave written informed consent to participate in this study—14 completed data collection (Table 2)
EEE = Exercise Energy Expenditure, energy intake (EI) = Energy Intake, total energy expenditure (TEE) = Total Energy Expenditure, EA = energy availability, fat-free mass (FFM) = Fat-Free mass, data are presented as means ± SD or n (%), * = significantly different compared to male athletes (p < 0.05)
Summary
Energy availability (EA) and low energy availability (LEA) have been researched extensively in the last ten years [1,2]. The term of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) was an expansion to describe in more detail the complexity of these health and performance compromising issues caused by an inadequate energy intake in relation to training volume in male and female athletes [7,8]. To achieve long-term health, optimal EA (>45 kcal kg−1 FFM day−1) should be reached daily [2] These cut-off values have been defined for able-bodied athletes but it seems unsure if these would be applicable to wheelchair athletes with a spinal cord injury (SCI) [11]. In a second and third step, the analysis of the health consequences and the performance impairment (i.e., risk of injury, fracture risk, immune function, loss of training days, etc.) might be studied in order to develop a more specific tool or cut-off values for this special population (if needed). In a secondary evaluation of the data, we aimed to investigate the nutritional habits of the athletes pre- and post-exercise to observe whether sports nutritional recommendations have been deployed by the athletes and whether the athletes fueled themselves differently on days with a higher or lower training volume
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