Abstract
Modelling and simulation of energy consumption in 86% of the Ryerson campus was presented. Energy simulation models were developed with Carrier HAP for 16 Ryerson buildings. Carrier HAP, commercially available software, was used for the prediction of energy consumption and PRISM software was used for the energy consumption comparison in different locations using weather normal average temperature data. All of the possible sources and uses of energy in the building were accounted for in the modelling and simulation. From the simulation result, it showed that 26% of total energy was consumed by lighting and 19% of total energy used by plug load and 4% of total energy used by miscellaneous. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by reducing lighting schedule. As a result, annual energy savings of 10% for cooling load and 21% for hydro demand were achieved, but the heating load increased by 14%. The other part of the energy consumption was for the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, 53% of total energy was demanded in this sector for the 16 Ryerson buildings. PRISM model was developed for compared Ryerson energy consumption and also compared Ryerson campus in different locations. The base case simulation result was compared with the campus planning actual consumption bill for the hydro, steam and DLWC cooling demand for the Ryerson campus. The result was under predicted from the actual bill. Simulation was under predicted hydro consumption by 5.7% and steam consumption by 6.26%. The average energy intensity was determined 1.04 GJ/m² for the 86% of total area of Ryerson campus. Also energy intensity (GJ/students) compared with different provinces in Canada, shows that Ryerson University consumed less energy and this value is 10 GJ/student.
Highlights
Energy audit gives an in-depth knowledge of the existing energy consumption profile of the audited object; it identifies different factors affecting the energy consumption and brings up cost-effective energy saving opportunities
Energy management in buildings defined as the control of energy use and its cost while maintaining indoor environmental conditions to meet comfortable and functional needs
The specific processes by which building owners and operators control energy consumption and costs are as variable as their building types
Summary
Energy audit gives an in-depth knowledge of the existing energy consumption profile of the audited object; it identifies different factors affecting the energy consumption and brings up cost-effective energy saving opportunities. Energy audit makes an evaluation of the present consumption of energy, the feasible energy saving possibilities and produces the energy audit report. That is why energy audit has become an accepted first step in identification and implementation of various energy efficiency opportunities in residential, commercial, institutional and industrial facilities. The main target of the energy audit is to determine overall picture of the use and distribution of energy, its costs, energy saving potentials and the possibilities to use renewable energy sources. The core tools in the building energy field are the whole-building energy simulation programs that provide users with key building performance indicators such as energy use and demand, temperature, humidity, and costs. There are some building simulation programs as BLAST, DOE-2.1E, eQUEST, Energy Plus, ESP-r, Carrier HAP, IES , TRNSYS etc (Chowdhury et aI., 2007)
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