International Journal of Water Resources Development | VOL. 17
Read
Energy and Water in Arid Developing Countries: Saudi Arabia, a Case-study
Abstract
In Saudi Arabia, where water resources are limited, the availability of energy resources, including petroleum, natural gas and electricity, helped in solving the challenge of satisfying rapid and substantial increases in water demand for drinking and industrial and agricultural purposes. Thirty-five major dual-purpose multi-stage flash distillation (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants were constructed on the Red Sea and Gulf coast to produce drinking water. The process energy requirements for MSF and RO range between 19.5 and 38 kWh/m3, and 0.5 and 9 kWh/m3, respectively. The MSF plants produce about 20% of the total national electricity production. About 85 000 wells were drilled to satisfy the increasing irrigation water demands. The energy requirements to pump 1 m3 from wells range between 0.4 and 0.8 kWh. The adoption of advanced technologies is continuing to reduce power consumption and water demand to conserve energy and water, and to minimize negative impacts on the environment.
Round-ups are the summaries of handpicked papers around trending topics published every week. These would enable you to scan through a collection of papers and decide if the paper is relevant to you before actually investing time into reading it.
Climate change Research Articles published between May 09, 2022 to May 15, 2022
Introduction: Climate change is a pervasive threat to global biodiversity and is expected to have profound effects on the resilience and abundance of ...
Read MoreClimate change Research Articles published between May 02, 2022 to May 08, 2022
We studied the fungal DNA present in a lake sediment core obtained from Trinity Peninsula, Hope Bay, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula, using metabarc...
Read MoreClimate change Research Articles published between Apr 25, 2022 to May 01, 2022
Introduction: Climate change and flooding events in South Ontario Climate change is altering climate patterns and adding pressure to climate systems a...
Read MoreClimate change Research Articles published between Apr 18, 2022 to Apr 24, 2022
Introduction: Climate change triggers stark effects on species geographic ranges, leading to range shifts and disruptions in the functioning of ecosys...
Read MoreGood health Research Articles published between Apr 18, 2022 to Apr 24, 2022
This study reviews the contributions made by each article in the theme issue with reference to case study examples of contemporary corporate social re...
Read More