Abstract
The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources based on renewable energy sources in distribution systems leads to a more complex management of power systems. Consequently, ancillary services become even more important to maintain the system security and reliability. This paper proposes and evaluates a generic model for day-ahead, intraday (hour-ahead) and real-time scheduling, considering the joint optimization of energy and reserve in the scope of the virtual power player concept. The model aims to minimize the operation costs in the point of view of one aggregator agent taking into account the balance of the distribution system. For each scheduling stage, previous scheduling results and updated forecasts are considered. An illustrative test case of a distribution network with 33 buses, considering a large penetration of distribution energy resources allows demonstrating the benefits of the proposed model.
Highlights
The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), including distributed generation (DG), demand response (DR), energy storage systems (ESSs) and electric vehicles (EVs) leads to the need to develop new intelligent and hierarchical methods for power systems operation management [1]. As these resources are mostly connected to the distribution network, it is important to consider the introduction of these types of resources in the ancillary services (AS) delivery in order to achieve greater reliability and cost efficiency of power systems operation [2,3]
In this new paradigm of power systems operation, the independent system operator will consider the existence of virtual power players (VPPs) with capability to aggregate all type of small scale DERs, which are unable to individually engage themselves in the electricity market [4,5]
This paper proposes a tool to joint schedule energy and reserve in a distribution network level considering the ability of the virtual power player to aggregate and manage DERs
Summary
The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), including distributed generation (DG), demand response (DR), energy storage systems (ESSs) and electric vehicles (EVs) leads to the need to develop new intelligent and hierarchical methods for power systems operation management [1] As these resources are mostly connected to the distribution network, it is important to consider the introduction of these types of resources in the ancillary services (AS) delivery in order to achieve greater reliability and cost efficiency of power systems operation [2,3]. Other important aspect of the proposed tool is the joint optimization of energy and reserve in different time-horizons (day-ahead, hour-ahead and real-time), considering the different characteristics in each one This tool is relevant in players managing local energy systems, such as part of distribution grid, micro-grid and community system. DERs and grid after substation to determine the amount of energy and reserve in case the whole energy system cannot support his reserve service
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