Abstract
The optimal operation of active distribution systems (ADSs) should address the issue of uncertainties caused by high penetration of renewable generation. A two-stage stochastic programming model is proposed for joint energy and reserve scheduling of ADSs with distributed generators (DGs). Reserve required is provided by upstream network, electrical energy storage (EES), and controllable loads (CLs). Soft normally open points (SNOPs) are installed in ADSs for relaxing power constraints on branches. The stochastic programming model is solved by using a convex relaxation method based on semi-definite programming (SDP). Simulation results of a 22-bus test system verify the validity of the proposed stochastic programming model and good performance of the convex relaxation method.
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