Abstract
The present study was aimed at (1) the differences between current weight v. ideal weight, (2) total energy intake and comparing it with required energy (Rkeer), (3) absolute protein intake in g/kg per d and g/1000 calories, (4) how energy and protein intake relate to the nutritional status of the subjects in terms of overall overweight (OEW) [overweight + obesity] and conservative overweight (CEW) [obesity] and (5) the contribution (%) of protein to total energy intake based on the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR). A dietary study was carried out in Colombia with 29 259 subjects between 1 and 64 years of age, based on cross-sectional data collected in 2015 by a 24-h dietary recall (24HR) administered as part of the National Nutrition Survey. Energy and protein intake did not differ by nutritional status. In the general population, energy intake was 2117 kcal/d (95% CI 1969, 2264). The total protein intake was 64⋅3 g/d (95% CI 61⋅4, 67⋅3). Adequate energy intake ranged from 90 to 100%, except for the 1-4-year-old group, which ranged from 144 to 155%. Protein intake was 1⋅64 g/kg per d (95% CI 1⋅53, 1⋅75). The mean AMDR for protein to total energy intake was 13⋅3% (95% CI 12⋅9, 13⋅7). Excess weight began during the first 4 years of age. In conclusion, it is worth reviewing and updating energy and protein intake recommendations and dietary guidelines for the Colombian population and designing and modifying public policy.
Highlights
The present study was aimed at determining [1] the differences between current weight v. ideal weight, [2] total energy intake and comparing it with required energy (Rkeer), [3] absolute protein intake in g/kg per d and g/1000 calories, [4] how energy and protein intake relate to the nutritional status of the subjects in terms of overall overweight (OEW) [overweight + obesity] and conservative overweight (CEW) [obesity] and [5] the contribution (%) of protein to total energy intake based on the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR)
This work found that excess weight in the Colombian population is detectable by the age of 4 years, which may suggest that the excessive energy and protein consumption described may be the causal pathway to excess weight and obesity at an early age
It increases steadily until age 40, and it decreases after age 40, there continues to be a gap between adequate and current weight (Fig. 1)
Summary
Individual dietary practices stem from a combination of various aspects that involve the context in which people live, such as personal or individual factors, as well as external factors in the food environment, including physical, economic, sociocultural and political[6]. The explanations of these practices have lacked epidemiological thought, for example, multicausality. Overweight in Colombian adults rose from 45⋅9 % in 2005 to 51⋅2 % in 2010 and 56⋅5 % in 2015, while obesity increased from 13⋅7 to 16⋅5 % and 18⋅7 % over the same period[7]. Adherence to physical activity recommendations increased, from 19⋅9 % in 2010 to 23⋅5 % in 2015(7), while the frequency of snack consumption decreased 9⋅9 % for children and 13⋅3 % for adults between 2010 and 2015(8)
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