Abstract
A combined system with photovoltaic panel modules, which extracts heat from water or air and produces thermal and electrical energy which is called a solar photovoltaic or solar thermal photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system. A way to enhance the electrical efficiency of the PV module is by diminishing the temperature at which the module is working, i.e. by extracting thermal energy. The design of the solar Photovoltaic/Thermal provides certain advantages. When the temperature is increased 1°C, the photoelectric efficiency decrease by 0.5%. This work is principally aimed to clarify the effectiveness by means of the exergy generated in a PV/T hybrid water module, a photovoltaic thermal module, generating thermal and electrical energy. Were determined the energy, exergy and the efficiency of the power conversion for a certain amount of days in function of the solar intensity, the temperature of the module and environmental temperature. During the hours 9:00 am to 3:00 pm, the efficiencies of exergy and power conversion varies according to the following values, between 2.16 - 12.27% for the exergy efficiency and between 5.2 - 11.2% for the power conversion efficiency as well as, the energy efficiency varies between 6.89 – 14.9%. The temperature of the photovoltaic module has a great impact on the electrical, thermal and exergy efficiencies. Moreover, these efficiencies can be enhanced by removing energy in form of heat from the surface of the photovoltaic module.
Highlights
Nowadays, from nonrenewable energy such as fossil fuels the majority of the world’s energy is generated
The exergy determination involves an analysis of the losses by applying the second law of thermodynamics as a way to measure the quality of the energy, but the first law of the thermodynamics is the one that represents the quantity of energy and its efficiency without taking into account the irreversibilities of the system
The difference between the exergy, power conversion and the energy efficiencies are illustrated in Figure 4, where it can be seen that the minimum and maximum are varying as follows: (6.89-14.6) %, (5.53-10.18) % and (8.7-10.3) % respectively in the 10/5 as well as in the 23/6 are found to be changed between (8.16-14.95) %, (6-11.2) % and (5.8-12) % respectively
Summary
From nonrenewable energy such as fossil fuels the majority of the world’s energy is generated. A glazed PV/T air system for single air heaters and double pass for drying and heating spaces determinations was developed by Sopian et al [7], which investigated and produced an advanced thermal model for the previously mentioned systems They concluded that, in glazed photovoltaic thermal systems, the thermal energy is enhanced with lower electrical efficiency as a result of high working temperatures. The characteristics of the behavior of a photovoltaic as well as a photovoltaic thermal system was investigated by determining the exergy and energy analysis in India, New Delhi The results of their advanced approach calculated in PV cells demonstrated that it provides realistic quantities of thermodynamic properties such as entropy and enthalpy. The energy efficiency is based on the first law of thermodynamics and represents the quantity of energy rather than quality of energy and doesn’t incorporate the losses/irreversibilities due to various parameters associated with the system
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