Abstract
In recent years, the International Maritime Organization agreed on aiming to reduce shipping’s greenhouse gas emissions by 50% with respect to 2009 levels. Meanwhile, cruise ship tourism is growing at a fast pace, making the challenge of achieving this goal even harder. The complexity of the energy system of these ships makes them of particular interest from an energy systems perspective. To illustrate this, we analyzed the energy and exergy flow rates of a cruise ship sailing in the Baltic Sea based on measurements from one year of the ship’s operations. The energy analysis allows identifying propulsion as the main energy user (46% of the total) followed by heat (27%) and electric power (27%) generation; the exergy analysis allowed instead identifying the main inefficiencies of the system: while exergy is primarily destroyed in all processes involving combustion (76% of the total), the other main causes of exergy destruction are the turbochargers, the heat recovery steam generators, the steam heaters, the preheater in the accommodation heating systems, the sea water coolers, and the electric generators; the main exergy losses take place in the exhaust gas of the engines not equipped with heat recovery devices. The application of clustering of the ship’s operations based on the concept of typical operational days suggests that the use of five typical days provides a good approximation of the yearly ship’s operations and can hence be used for the design and optimization of the energy systems of the ship.
Highlights
While shipping will face the fierce competition against aviation and road transport for renewable fuels [3], ship energy systems need to become more energy efficient during the transition [4]
We propose an approach based on the use of energy and exergy analysis applied to the entirety of the energy system of the ship
This is done for one specific case study vessel, described in Section 2.1, including the specifics of the available information, in particular the measured data and the technical documentation; the specific assumptions and methods used for processing the available information into energy and exergy flows are summarized in Section 2.3, while a more thorough description is provided in the
Summary
As humanity faces the global threat of climate change, society needs to drastically reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere. The transport sector is a significant contributor to the global CO2 emissions [1] and, within this category, the maritime sector contributes to approximately. 2.7% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions [2]. While this contribution appears relatively low, Energies 2018, 11, 2508; doi:10.3390/en11102508 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies. Energies 2018, 11, 2508 the maritime sector will face difficult challenges. While shipping will face the fierce competition against aviation and road transport for renewable fuels [3], ship energy systems need to become more energy efficient during the transition [4]
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