Energy and Ecological Prerequisites for the Choice of Technologies for Processing Organic Llivestock Waste

Abstract

For modern Ukraine and European countries, the issues of soil restoration after intensive cultivation and reducing the cost of agricultural products by including energy from alternative sources in the energy supply of technological processes are relevant. Therefore, considerable attention is paid to the development of biogas technologies and the production of organic waste. The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of the manure processing system with subsequent production of biogas and compost by consistently implementing anaerobic and aerobic fermentation technologies. Economically feasible ways of using organic animal waste are presented. It is proved that the introduction of biogas technologies is economically feasible only in the conditions of functioning of closed systems for the production of crop and livestock products. The most effective combination was the consistent implementation of anaerobic digestion technology and accelerated biothermal composting. Anaerobic methane fermentation, in contrast to the process of composting bio-raw materials, allows more than 55% of carbon to be disposed of in the form of high-calorie methane gas, due to which nitrogen losses are reduced from 20-25% to 1.5-3%. Analytical studies show that as a result of processing 1 tonne of cattle manure, 23.22 g3 of biogas with an energy equivalent of 510 MJ can be obtained. It is also shown that by making changes made by accelerated biothermal composting energy costs for the production of an equivalent (according to NPK) amount of mineral fertilisers are reduced by 895 MJ. However, it should be borne in mind that in the conditions of construction and maintenance of a biogas system, the high start-up and operating costs leads to the use of accelerated biothermal composting technology at the first stage of processing bio-raw materials. The results obtained can be used as the basis for a modern methodology for calculating the expediency of application of a particular technology depending on the operating conditions of the agricultural enterprise and the technological task regarding the volume of production of finished products. This would allow determining the rational parameters of the bioenergy system and increase the energy and ecological efficiency of biogas and high-quality compost production processes from organic raw materials