Abstract
The most significant radiative and mechanical sources of energy for the stratosphere are discussed. There are currently some significant uncertainties in stratospheric radiative heating calculations. Tropical and extratropical planetary scale waves generated in the troposphere are responsible for many of the variations in the global circulation. These waves effect vertical transfer of momentum and so drive zonal wind systems. We emphasize the mechanisms by which winter hemisphere planetary Rossby waves influence the zonal flow. These mechanisms suggest explanations for mid-winter warmings and the easterly component of the semiannual oscillation at the tropical stratopause. Evidence from observational studies and numerical simulations is given which supports our present understanding of the role of hydrodynamic waves in the stratospheric general circulation.
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