Energetic physiology of the Caribbean scallops Argopecten nucleus and Nodipecten nodosus fed with different microalgal diets

Abstract

The Caribbean scallops Argopecten nucleus and Nodipecten nodosus are currently being placed into mass culture in Colombia. The limited availability of wild seed upon which to base these cultures has promoted research into the development of artificial production of this seed in hatcheries. In support of this effort, we studied the effects of different diets on the physiology of the two scallop species in order to determine the optimal feeding regimes for maintenance of adult specimens in the laboratory. Seven monoalgal diets were tested, including Chaetoceros calcitrans, Chaetoceros muelleri, Isochrysis galbana (Ig), Nannochloris oculata (No), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Pt), Tetraselmis chui (Tc) and Tetraselmis tetrahele (Tt). Four mixed diets were also tested, including I. galbana + C. calcitrans (Ig + Cc), I. galbana + N. oculata (Ig + No), I. galbana + T. tetrahele (Ig + Tt), and I. galbana + lipid emulsion of docosahexanoic acid DHA (Ig + lip). All the dietary trials were carried out under uniform conditions of temperature (25 °C), salinity (36‰) and algal concentration (0.45 mg L − 1 ). Physiological variables measured in association with each diet included feeding rates (clearance, ingestion and absorption), oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion rates as well as their scope for growth. The results showed that the best scope for growth for both scallops was obtained with diet Ig since this diet induced the highest feeding rates, accompanied by the lowest oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion. The feeding rates and scope for growth of A. nucleus were greater than those of N. nodosus for the majority of the diets, which was attributed to a higher rate of water pumping by the former species. Greater capacity for branchial food retention by A. nucleus was discarded as a possibility since N. nodosus had a greater branchial surface area per unit dry weight than A. nucleus. In spite of these differences, the oxygen consumption and the excretion rates were similar between the two scallops which suggested that A. nucleus was more efficient in its use of oxygen and retention of body proteins for physiological functioning. Mixed diets or addition of DHA did not permit increases in scope for growth in either of the scallops over that observed using monoalgal diet Ig, which suggest that biologically and economically this diet is optimal for the feeding of adult scallops in the laboratory.